Images by Date
Images by Category
Solar System
Stars
Exoplanets
White Dwarfs
Supernovas
Neutron Stars
Black Holes
Milky Way Galaxy
Normal Galaxies
Quasars
Galaxy Clusters
Cosmology/Deep Field
Miscellaneous
Images by Interest
Space Scoop for Kids
4K JPG
Multiwavelength
Sky Map
Constellations
Photo Blog
Top Rated Images
Image Handouts
Desktops
Fits Files
Visual descriptions
Image Tutorials
Photo Album Tutorial
False Color
Cosmic Distance
Look-Back Time
Scale & Distance
Angular Measurement
Images & Processing
AVM/Metadata
Image Use Policy
Web Shortcuts
Chandra Blog
RSS Feed
Chronicle
Email Newsletter
News & Noteworthy
Image Use Policy
Questions & Answers
Glossary of Terms
Download Guide
Get Adobe Reader
More Information
Groups & Clusters of Galaxies
X-ray Astronomy Field Guide
Groups & Clusters of Galaxies
Questions and Answers
Groups & Clusters of Galaxies
Chandra Images
Groups & Clusters of Galaxies
Related Podcasts
Quick Look: Spotted: 'Death Star' Black Holes in Action
Download Image

More Information

More Images
Chandra X-ray Image
of Abell 2029
(Credit: NASA/CXC/UCI/
A.Lewis et al.)

More Releases
Abell 2029
Abell 2029
(18 May 04)

Related Images
Hydra A
Hydra A
(09 Dec 99)
NGC 4636
NGC 4636
(19 Dec 01)
NGC 720
NGC 720
(22 Oct 02)
Abell 2029:
Hot News for Cold Dark Matter


Abell 2029
Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/UCI/A.Lewis et al. Optical: Pal.Obs. DSS

The galaxy cluster Abell 2029 is composed of thousands of galaxies (optical image, right) enveloped in a gigantic cloud of hot gas (X-ray image, left), and an amount of dark matter equivalent to more than a hundred trillion Suns. At the center of this cluster is an enormous, elliptically shaped galaxy that is thought to have been formed from the mergers of many smaller galaxies.

The Chandra image shows a smooth increase in the intensity of X-rays all the way into the central galaxy of the cluster. These X-rays are produced by the multimillion degree gas, which is confined to the cluster primarily by the gravity of the dark matter. By precisely measuring the temperature and intensity distribution of the X-rays, astronomers were able to make the best map yet of the distribution of dark matter in the inner region of the galaxy cluster.

The X-ray data imply that the density of dark matter increases smoothly all the way into the central galaxy of the cluster. This discovery agrees with the predictions of cold dark matter models, and is contrary to other dark matter models that predict a leveling off of the amount of dark matter in the center of the cluster.

If Abell 2029 is a representative sample of the universe, these results indicate that 70 to 90 percent of the mass of the universe consists of cold dark matter - mysterious particles left over from the dense early universe that interact with each other and "normal" matter only through gravity. Cold dark matter gets its name from the assumption that cold dark matter particles were moving slowly when galaxies and galaxy clusters began to form. The exact nature of these particles is still unknown.

Fast Facts for Abell 2029:
Credit  X-ray: NASA/CXC/UCI/A.Lewis et al. Optical: Pal.Obs. DSS
Scale  Image is 4 arcmin on a side.
Category  Groups & Clusters of Galaxies
Coordinates (J2000)  RA 15h 10m 56.10s | Dec +05° 44' 38.00"
Constellation  Virgo
Observation Dates  April 12, 2000
Observation Time  6 hours
Obs. IDs  891
Color Code  Intensity
Instrument  ACIS
References A. Lewis et al. 2003 Astrophys. J. 586, 135
Distance Estimate  About 1 billion light years (z = 0.0767)
Release Date  June 11, 2003